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Excess Face Height
Malocclusion: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Preface:
The motive in undertaking this book is to present the results of 30 years of
research on the effect of environmental factors on craniofacial growth. The
relationship between nasal obstruction and altered facial and dental structures
has been discussed for at least 150 years and conflicting opinions have been
presented. The authors therefore believed it important to gather their results
from years of carefully controlled studies to clarify the controversy over this
relationship. During the 19th century and to the middle of the 20th, the ideas
concerning the relationship between mouth breathing and malocclusion were based
on clinical observation and experience. After cephalometric longitudinal
material became available in the latter part of the 20th century, it was
possible to obtain research results from controlled studies. It has also become
possible during the past few decades to measure airflow through the nose and
nasal resistance in accurate ways, which thus enabled statistical analyses.
Study of the vertical dimensions of the face in relation to the mode of
breathing and to the posture of both the head and the mandible provides an
excellent model to support the view that many malocclusions previously thought
to be of genetic origin are in reality neuromuscular imitations of genetically
based problems. The neuromuscular suspension of the mandible is a highly
sensitive mechanism that responds with altered mandibular posture in some cases
of chronic nasopharyngeal obstruction. Such altered mandibular posture may
create various malocclusions in children. The results gathered in this book are
based on scientific longitudinal materials from the Burlington Growth Centre in
Toronto, Canada, and Swedish adenoid samples from Stockholm and Örebro.
Comparisons are made with longitudinal cephalometric materials from growth
centers in Europe, North America, and Asia. The evaluations of the capacity to
breathe through the mouth and/or the nose were made in collaboration with the
ear, nose, and throat departments at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto,
Canada, and at the University of Örebro, Sweden, by using both rhinomanometric
and clinical tools. This book is designed to be used by both dental and medical
students in the specialized areas of orthodontics and rhinology. It will also be
of great interest for clinical orthodontists, ear, nose, and throat specialists,
and pediatricians.
ISBN: 0-86715-389-X
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Factors Affecting Facial and Dental Structures
Nasopharyngeal Obstruction
Oropharyngeal Obstruction Dentofacial Characteristics Associated with Chronic
Change in Mandibular Posture
Other Neuromuscular Adaptations Secondary to Upper Airway Obstruction
Nonhuman Primate Experiments
Controversies
Clinical Implications for an Assessment of Vertical Facial and Dental
Relationships
Chapter 2 Three Data Samples
The Burlington Growth Centre Sample
The Örebro, Sweden, Adenoid Study
The King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry Serial Growth Sample
Chapter 3 Radiographic Technique, Enlargement, and Measurements
The Lateral Cephalogram
The 45-Degree Oblique Radiograph
Reference Points and Measurements for the Lateral Cephalogram
Chapter 4 Population Standards for Anterior Face Height, Maxillary Length,
Mandibular Length, and Growth (Distance Curves)
Population Standards for Upper Anterior Face Height, Lower
Anterior Face Height, and Total Anterior Face Height
Population Standards for Maxillary Length for Ages 6 to 20
Population Standards for Mandibular Growth and Length
Chapter 5 Comparisons Among Standards for Vertical Dimension from Various Growth
Centers and Races
Growth Centers
Clinical Application of Vertical Dimension Cephalometric Standards
Chapter 6 Nasal Resistance Standards for Children
Diagnostic Rhinomanometry
Chapter 7 Clinical Application of Vertical Change in the Jaws and Dentition
Cephalometric Identification of Skeletal Dysplasia
Analysis of Anterior Nasopharyngeal Dimensions
Chapter 8 Summary
References
120pp: 110 illus Index
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